Iran vs USA Conflict: Iran has been burning for the last 16 days. The anger of the Iranian people, which started due to Iran’s poor economic condition and inflation, is increasing with each passing day. Due to directly targeting Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khamenei, clashes have now started between Iranian security forces and protesters on the streets of more than 100 Iranian cities. However, it is difficult for the media around the world to provide accurate information inside Iran. But according to the news coming from inside Iran, more than 500 people have died so far. While thousands of agitators have been arrested.
It is being said that after the Islamic Revolution of 1979, there has not been a bigger anti-government protest than this in the last 47 years. iran The people are demanding the removal of Ayatollah Khamenei and his government. The situation became worse when Iran’s General Prosecutor Mohammad Kazim Movahedi Azad ordered the judges and staff of Iranian courts to speed up the prosecution of those involved in the ongoing movement across the country. He has said that all the people involved in the riots in the name of the movement have the same allegation and under the same allegation, all should be charged the same. Accusation of waging war against God. Whose punishment is death.
As is customary, Iran’s internal affairs seek opportunity in disaster. America Has jumped once again. US President Donald Trump is continuously threatening that if the Iranian government takes strict action against the Iranian protesters, the consequences will be bad. Trump is even threatening to attack Iran in such circumstances. Apart from Trump, American human rights organizations have also expressed concern over the situation in Iran and said that what is happening in Iran is unusual.
On the other hand, despite the American threat, Iran’s attitude is sharp and Iranian leaders have made it clear that if America tries to interfere in its internal affairs, the consequences will be dangerous. Just last year, America had also jumped into the 12-day war between Iran and Israel. After this, America also attacked Iran’s nuclear bases. The question is, what kind of enmity does America have with Iran? Why does America keep threatening Iran every now and then? So to understand this we first have to understand Iran.
Persian Empire..which is called Iran. Many kings ruled this country for 25 hundred years. Who were known as Shahs. In 1950, the people of Iran elected a secular politician in the form of Mohammad Mosaddeq as Prime Minister. As soon as he came to power, Mussadeq nationalized British and US petrol holdings to bring the benefits of Iran’s oil directly to his people. This was the time when the world had emerged from the Second World War. And America was convinced that it had both the potential and the opportunity to become a super power. Therefore, in 1953, in collaboration with Britain, he overthrew Musaddiq as part of a conspiracy. And by converting a democratic country into a monarchy, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was made the new Shah of Iran.
22 year old Shah was famous at that time for his debauchery and extravagance. It is said that the situation was such that his wife used to bathe in milk and not water. Whereas Shah’s lunch was ordered from Paris daily. Without caring that people in his own country were dying of hunger. To prevent the Pahlavi dynasty from being threatened again and to ensure that power remained with the Pahlavi dynasty, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of the Pahlavi dynasty, established his own ruthless internal police, SAVAK. Whose only job was to crush any voice rising against the dynasty before it could become big.
On the other hand, in the era of globalization, the market system started dominating the world. But for this it was necessary to paint Iran in western colors and Shah took the next step. Opened Iran’s market to the world. The result of which was that Tehran became the hub of fashion. It is said that during that period, fashion started coming to Tehran before Paris. There was no such thing for debauchery which was not available in the capital of Iran. 90 percent Shia Muslims and about 9 percent Sunni Muslims did not like this open form of Shah Pahlavi at all. According to him, under American pressure, Shah Pahlavi has not only mortgaged the country to America but has also ruined Iran’s customs and culture.
After seeing with their own eyes Iran turning into a Western color for about 10 years, people took to the streets against Shah Pahlavi and these people were led by Islamic leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Shah’s security agencies immediately arrested Ayatollah Khomeini. And he was tortured in jail for 18 months. In 1964, two conditions were put before him for his freedom from jail: either he should apologize to Shah or leave the country. Ayatollah Khomeini chose another path and was expelled from the country. From that day he stayed away from Iran for 14 years. First Iraq, then Türkiye and then France… and during these years, from there, Khomeini kept drawing the blueprint to oust Mohammad Reza Pahlavi from power.
In the year 1971, Shah organized a grand party in the Iranian city of Persepolis in honor of his friendly countries. His political friends from Yugoslavia, Monaco, America and Soviet Union participated in it. In which the strategy to crush the voice of opposition rising in Iran was discussed. Iranian leader Ayatollah Khomeini, who is facing exile, called Shah’s party a celebration of devils. This was the period when there was anger among the Iranian people against the Shah and hope in Ayatollah Khomeini.
During his stay in France, his messages were being conveyed to the people in the country through pamphlets and audio-video messages. The work which Ayatollah Khomeini could not do while staying in the country. He did that while staying out of the country. There was only one Sada everywhere in Iran. Long live Ayatollah Khomeini. Shah Pahlavi murdabad. But it was not at all the case that the world had closed its eyes to what was happening in Iran. Especially America. It was equally important for America for Shah Pahlavi to remain in power in Iran. As much as it is for him to remain a super power. That is because the real power to remain a super power was coming from Iran and the Persian Gulf.
Iran is a big and very important country in Western Asia. Not only this, it shares its border with about half a dozen neighboring countries. In fact, in terms of oceans and gulfs, it is in a better position than any other country. Turkmenistan, Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan in the north. Türkiye, Iraq in the west and Pakistan and Afghanistan in the east. Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman in the south. A water channel called the Strait of Hormuz connects both the gulfs. Look carefully at this Strait of Hormuz because this is the place which is currently the battlefield between America and Iran.
In fact, Iran is more important geographically because there is no better place in the world in terms of trade and natural resources than it. The discovery of oil and gas made this country a gold mine. And that is why not only America but before that Britain and the Soviet Union have been struggling for their influence here. Now if we look closely at this area, the width of the sea connecting the Persian and Gulf of Oman is only 55 km. Therefore, messing with Iran in this region means suicide for the oil dependent countries. Because 20 percent of the world’s oil passes through this route.
As long as Shah Pahlavi remained in control of the country, Iran was not only a market for America but it also had control over most of the oil and gas resources. During this period, America used Iran extensively and took many major diplomatic decisions on the strength of its friendship. Which made him more powerful than super power.
1 February 1979, Charles de Gaulle Airport, Paris, France
Boeing 747 takes off for Tehran. This was a special plane that flew from Paris. Because it was going to change the history of Iran as soon as it landed in Tehran. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini was aboard the Boeing. The great leader of the revolution that lasted two decades against the Shah of Iran. Khomeini was returning to his homeland after being in exile for 14 years. Where the crowd of crores of people was going crazy for his good deeds.
Lakhs of common people of Iran, fed up with Shah’s policies, launched the last battle in the year 1978. Because the income from Iranian resources was huge but without reaching the poor, it was filling the coffers of Shah Pahlavi and America. The leaders were put in jail. Only what Shah wanted was published in the newspaper. Overall, there was an emergency like situation in Iran. Fed up with this, in October 1977 the students started protesting on the streets of Iran. Shah’s internal security agency SAVAK unleashed Yalgar on the people and hundreds of people were killed. But the more this movement was suppressed, the more it grew. During this time, American President Jimmy Carter and his army stood in support of Shah.
16 January 1979
In this revolution that lasted for about a year, Shah Pahlavi now understood that the time had come for his departure from Iran and after making Shahpur Bakhtiar the Prime Minister, Shah Pahlavi went to America on the pretext of treatment.
1 February 1979, Mehrabad Airport Tehran, Iran
After circling over the city of Tehran for twenty minutes, the plane finally landed on the runway. Within a few moments, Ayatollah Khomeini was seen supporting the hands of the pilot of Boeing 747. This immense crowd of people gave him a historic welcome and thus Iran got freedom from the Shah’s rule. But the new government acquired enmity with America even before it was formed. America started putting pressure on the new government of Iran through various means.
People were angry at America for not sending Shah back to Iran. His decisions further angered the people of Iran. As a result, a group of students held 52 Americans hostage at the US Embassy in Tehran for 444 days. They were demanding a trial in Iran against Shah Pahlavi, who had been given asylum by America. However, he was later released after the mediation of Algeria. But in revenge America attacked Iran through Iraq. And this war continued for eight long years.
The enmity between America and Iran, which started with the Iranian Revolution, still continues. For the last 47 years, America has imposed various types of economic sanctions on Iran to subdue it. Due to which, despite having immense reserves of oil and gas, Iran’s economy is falling into the abyss of time. Despite this, Iran refused to bow before America. However, in the year 2015, P-5 Plus One agreement was signed between Barack Obama and Hassan Rouhani, in which the permanent members of the Security Council i.e. P-5 countries like America, Britain, France, Russia, China and Germany were included.
Under which an agreement was reached that Iran would stop its nuclear program and in return all these countries would lift economic sanctions on it. But as soon as the government changed in America, the new President Donald Trump distanced himself from this agreement. And since then, America has been looking for excuses to attack Iran under pressure from countries like Saudi Arabia and Israel. There are two reasons for this. Firstly, America wants control over Iran’s oil and gas minerals and secondly, countries like Saudi Arabia and Israel want Iran to not become strong in the Arab region. Because he can become a threat to them.
In the last 47 years, there were many such occasions when it seemed that Iran would surrender before America. Otherwise America will attack Iran but till now neither has Iran surrendered before America nor America has been able to attack Iran directly except nuclear plants. But will America directly attack Iran this time in order to overthrow the government in Iran under the guise of the current movement?
Aaj Tak Bureau
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