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The top three states with maximum student enrolment are Uttar Pradesh (72.7 lakh students), Maharashtra (46.5 lakh), and Tamil Nadu (35.8 lakh).

Female enrolment increased from 1.89 crore in 2019–20 to 2.18 crore in 2022–23, reaching 2.24 crore in 2023–24. (File/Representative)
According to the All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) 2023–24, students from 173 countries are pursuing higher education in India. Nepal accounts for the largest share of international students (24.1%), followed by the United Arab Emirates (7.0%), the United States of America (5.9%), and Bangladesh (5.9%). A majority of international students (73.6%) are enrolled in undergraduate programmes, while 16.8% are pursuing postgraduate studies.
Among the Indian states, the highest student enrolment are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Bihar, and Rajasthan. Together, these states account for 59.0% of the country’s total higher education enrolment.
Uttar Pradesh also has maximum number of colleges (8,625), followed by Maharashtra (5,380), Karnataka (4,529), Rajasthan (4,344), Tamil Nadu (2,983), Madhya Pradesh (2,713), Andhra Pradesh (2,587), Gujarat (2,521), Telangana (2,160) and West Bengal (1,588).
The top six states with maximum student enrolment are Uttar Pradesh (72.7 lakh students), Maharashtra (46.5 lakh students), Tamil Nadu (35.8 lakh students), Madhya Pradesh (27.7 lakh students), Karnataka (27.6 lakh students) and Bihar (27.6 lakh students). These states account for 52.9% of total student enrolment.
Female participation in higher education has continued to rise steadily. Female enrolment increased from 1.89 crore in 2019–20 to 2.18 crore in 2022–23, reaching 2.24 crore in 2023–24. This represents an 18.3% increase over the past five years. Since 2014–15, female enrolment has grown by 66.3 lakh students, registering an overall increase of 42.2%, underscoring sustained progress towards greater gender inclusion in higher education.
Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)
India’s Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education for the 18–23 age group stands at 30.0%. At the national level, the GER is 28.9% for males and 31.2% for females, highlighting higher female participation in higher education. Among Scheduled Castes (SCs), the GER is 26.4% for males and 29.3% for females, while among Scheduled Tribes (STs) it is 21.9% for males and 23.7% for females.
The highest GERs are recorded in Delhi (53.0%), Tamil Nadu (52.3%), Uttarakhand (48.5%), Telangana (46.6%), Himachal Pradesh (46.4%), Sikkim (42.5%), and Karnataka (41.9%).
Pupil–Teacher Ratio (PTR)
Across universities and colleges, the Pupil–Teacher Ratio (PTR) is 23:1 in the regular mode and 26:1 when both regular and distance modes are considered. For universities and their constituent institutions alone, the PTR improves to 19:1 in regular mode. Among the states with the highest enrolment, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Goa report the most favourable PTR of 14:1 in regular mode.
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