Cyber crime expert and National Security Advisor Amit Dubey has investigated many such cases in his career, which were no less than a film story. His original investigation stories reached Rajkumar Hirani’s web series ‘Pritam and Pedro’ and Neeraj Pandey’s ‘Hack Crimes Online’. Amit has closely witnessed the changing world of cyber crime through cases like ATM theft, kidnapping and disappearance of followers from an actress’s Instagram account. He says that the criminal does not hack the device every time, many times he first hacks the trust of the person. In a special conversation with Dainik Bhaskar, Amit spoke openly about his investigation of cyber crime, his experience of working with filmmakers and the necessary precautions for the common people. Question: Your original cyber investigation reached Rajkumar Hirani’s web series. How did this connection happen with him? Answer: I connected with Raju sir during Covid. At that time our conversation started about cyber crime and then we discussed it several times over video call. I told him stories related to my work and various investigations. He felt that in these cases there was a lot of potential not only for crime but also for human behavior and emotions. After this we started working on these stories. This was not a small process. The story and script were worked on for 6 years, many drafts were prepared and things were continuously improved. Question: There is also an ATM theft scene in ‘Pritam and Pedro’. Is this related to any real case of yours? Answer: Yes, the case of ATM theft is related to my real experiences. In the investigation of cyber crime, many times a case appears very complex in the beginning. You might think there would be a very high-tech method behind it, but when you add up the pattern of events and the digital footprint the picture slowly starts to become clear. The same thing was in this case also. It is not possible to keep the actual incident in the same form on the screen, so changes are made in it according to the story, but its base and the experience of investigation is real. Question: This case also teaches a lesson to the common people that cyber crime is not always very high-tech, what would you like to say? Answer: Absolutely. We often assume that a cybercriminal will be a great computer expert and will use technology that is difficult for us to understand. Whereas in many cases the crime begins in a very simple way. Small carelessness, trusting someone or sharing information can become a big problem in the future. Even in investigation, many times great success is achieved not by any big clue, but by connecting small things. Question: After Rajkumar Hirani, you also got associated with Neeraj Pandey. What difference did you notice in the way both worked? Answer: Both have their own different storytelling language. Neeraj sir builds the thrill and suspense very strongly. While working with him, it is kept in mind that the audience always wants to know the next turn. Raju sir’s method is a little different. He explores layers of human emotion, humor and relationships even in serious subjects. But both have one thing in common – both want to make the story believable. Especially when the subject is cyber crime, it is very important to get the technical things right. Question: How challenging was it to bring cyber crime on screen in Neeraj Pandey’s ‘Hack Crimes Online’? Answer: The biggest challenge is that cyber crime should not be made too technical nor should it be made so simple that it seems unbelievable. If you only show computer screens, code or technical jargon, the general audience will not be able to connect with the story. That’s why it’s important to show the human story along with the technology – why the criminal is doing what he does, how the victim gets trapped and how the investigator puts the pieces together. This balance is most important. Question: Which case was there in your investigation, which you still remember? Answer: A case of kidnapping was quite interesting. By adding digital location and other online information to it, the police was trying to reach that person. In between, information related to location kept changing, which made investigation difficult. But the police kept moving forward, connecting the different digital signals. Eventually the person was recovered safely. Technology alone does not work in such cases. It is equally important to understand the signals received from technology correctly and connect them with ground investigation. Question: That means even if the criminal tries to hide his digital presence, still some clue remains? Answer: It is not easy to disappear completely in the digital world. We use phone, email, social media, cloud and many other services. Somewhere in between all this, digital footprints are created. But this does not mean that every case will be solved immediately. Many times one clue connects to another clue and then gradually the whole picture emerges. Patience is very important in investigation. Question: The case of followers disappearing from the actress’s Instagram account was also quite different. What happened in that after all? Answer: The digital identity of that actress was tampered with. After changing the name and identity of the account, the situation became such that the old account started appearing in a different form. The most interesting thing was that his old followers were associated with the same digital identity. We found a way to access the old account by combining different digital clues and account information. From this case it can be understood that a social media account is not just a username and password. Your entire digital identity and years of hard work are behind it. Question: Are celebrity social media accounts more at risk than ordinary users? Answer: The risk may be higher because the value of celebrity accounts is higher. They have millions of followers and any wrong information or offer in their name can spread quickly. But account related mistakes are made by both celebrities and common people. Staying logged in to an old phone, leaving an account open on someone else’s device, sharing passwords or clicking on suspicious links – all these things increase the risk. Question: How can a common user protect himself from the threat of session hijacking? Answer: First of all, keep an eye on the login device and activity in your account. If you ever used your account on an old phone, laptop or other device, it is important to check whether you still have access there. Logout from old and unknown devices. Use two-factor authentication where possible and don’t share passwords with anyone. Many times the user thinks that the password is secure, but the problem is arising from an old login. Question: People often say that ‘my phone got hacked.’ Does the phone actually get hacked every time? Answer: No. Many times the phone is not hacked, but access to an account, cloud service or old device remains. For example, your email or cloud is logged in to another device and you are not aware of it. In such a situation, you think that there is a problem with the phone, whereas the real problem may be of account access. Therefore, instead of panicking, first find out whether the problem is in the phone, in the account or in some old device. Question: Offers like free blue tick even today easily trap people. How to recognize such messages? Answer: Cyber criminals often use such things, seeing which the user immediately gets excited or scared. Free blue tick, warning of account closure, offer of reward or any important service – all these can be methods of creating greed or fear. If a message asks you to click on the link immediately, wait. Open the concerned app or website yourself and check the information there. Accepting a link sent in a message as true can be the biggest mistake. Question: What is your biggest concern about deepfakes? Answer: The danger of deepfakes is not limited to creating fake videos or audios only. An even bigger danger is that people may lose trust in genuine content. If any real video comes out in the future and people say that this is also a deepfake, then the problem will become more serious. Therefore, instead of deciding whether a viral video is true or false just by watching it, it is important to verify its source and context. Question: In your opinion, what is the strongest weapon of cyber criminals? Answer: Human trust. We often think that the criminal hacks the device first, whereas in many cases it is the person who is hacked first. He makes you believe that he is speaking from the bank, from some company or is going to give some benefit. When you trust what he says, many times you give the information yourself. Therefore, cyber security does not start with technology, but with awareness. Question: If someone becomes a victim of cyber fraud, what should be done first? Answer: First of all, one should not sit silent in fear. The sooner the incident is informed to the concerned bank or service provider, the better. File a complaint on the official cyber crime channel and preserve all evidence related to the incident – messages, phone numbers, emails, screenshots, transaction details, etc. Time is very important in cyber crime, so one should not delay in filing complaint due to shame or fear. Question: After so many years of investigation, what is your most important message to the common people? Answer: In the digital world, along with convenience comes responsibility. Do not click on any unknown links, do not share OTP or password, logout the account from the old device and use two-factor authentication. If any message scares or tempts you and asks you to take an immediate decision, first stop and confirm it. In my view, the strongest weapon to prevent cyber crime is awareness. Question: In what direction is your focus going forward? Answer: I want India to produce a large number of trained and certified cyber professionals. Now the need is not only to investigate the crime after it has been committed, but also to make people aware before the crime is committed. If one of our stories, one training or a little information saves a person from cyber fraud, then that is the biggest success. Earning money and praise may be easy, but earning people’s trust and love is the most difficult.
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